Biologically Active Components of Ganoderma lucidum and Its Antiproliferation Action on the Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract：The traditional medicinal efficacies of Ganoderma lucidum are treatments of hepatopathy, nephritis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arthritis, neurasthenia, insomnia, bronchitis, asthma, gastric ulcer, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. Some of these efficacies, such as cytotoxicity on hepatoma cell, inhibition of platelet aggregation, antihypertension, hypocholesterolemic activity, inhibition of histamine release, and anti-HIV activity were scientifically proved to be true by virtue of isolation of the corresponding components.Although various components such as polysaccharides, proteins, minerals and sterols have been reported from this mushroom, triterpenoids are mainly responsible for the biological activities. More than 120 triterpenoids were reported in this medicinal fungus during the last three decades, there is a need to review most of the structures reported and their medicinal activities. The lanostane-type triterpenoids were divided into 10 groups according to their structural similarities and the known biological and medicinal activities were described in this article.There are few reports on the direct immunomodulating effects of this mushroom on human peripheral blood immunocompetent cells.For elucidation of the immunosuppressive mechanism of this mushroom, a methanolic extract of its basidiocarps was fractionated into six parts. When each of the six fractions was applied to the adherent and nonadherent cells of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), proliferative arrest was observed and growth arrest was stronger in the non adherent cells than in the adherent cells. As the chloroform fraction of the fungus (GLE) arrested most strongly, it was further purified by silica gel column chromatography into seven subfractions. Among them, GLE1 fraction, the highest Rf value fraction, inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Anti proliferative activity of the GLE1 fraction was also observed in human allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture(MLS). When secreted interleukin-2 (IL-2) of the culture supernatant of the MLC was measured by ELISA, the GLE1 fraction was found to inhibit IL-2 secretion, which was comparable to the effect of the GLE1 fraction blocked IL-2 secretion. The GLE1 fraction of G. lucidum therefore may have the potential to be developed into an immunomodulating agent.

Keywords：Ganoderma lucidum; Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE); inhibition; human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBMCs)

靈芝的生物活性組分及其抑制人體外周血淋巴細胞繁殖的研究

Shim Mi Ja　 Kim Ha Won　 Kim Byong Kak　

摘　要：傳統藥用靈芝主要是用來醫治肝病,腎炎,高血壓,高血脂,關節炎,神經衰落,失眠,支氣管炎,哮喘,胃潰瘍,動脈硬化和糖尿病等.另外,靈芝的一些組分還有一些新發現的功效,如對肝細胞瘤的細胞毒害作用,抑制血小板的凝聚作用,消除緊張,降低膽固醇,阻止組胺的釋放和抗艾滋病毒等.盡管在這種真菌中發現了很多中活性物質,如多糖、蛋白質、礦物質和甾醇等,但三萜系化合物是主要的活性成分.在過去的30年中發現120多種三萜系化合物,有必要對這些物質的活性及其結果作出總結.根據羊毛甾烷類三萜系化合物的結構和它們已知的生物學和藥學功效可以分為10個類型,本文就此做了一些闡述.有關靈芝促進人體免疫能力的報道還不多.為了闡明靈芝的免疫抑制力的機制,自子實體中的萃取的甲醇抽取物可以分成6個組分,并把它們逐個加到人體血液外圍單核細胞(PBMCs)中,發現在無粘附性細胞中,它們可以在細胞繁殖和生長時捕獲細胞,但在粘附性的細胞上活性較差,用氯仿萃取物的活性更強,這種活性物質進一步硅膠柱純化后,可分為7個亞組分.它們當中,GLE1,具有最高的遷移值(Rf值),在一定濃度下可以抑制細胞繁殖,該組分也可以抑制人體異源的淋巴細胞培養物(MLS).用ELISA檢測培養液上清液中分泌的白細胞素-2(IL-2),可以發現GLE1組分可以抑制白細胞素IL-2的分泌,幾乎完全阻斷了IL-2的分泌.因此,GLE1也許可以發展成為一種靈芝調節劑.

關鍵詞：靈芝; 靈芝提取物; 抑制; 人體外周血淋巴細胞

CLC Number：S567.3+1:R967

Author Resume：Shim Mi Ja,female,professor.Address:Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743

Author Unit：Shim Mi Ja（Department of Life Science,University of Seoul,Seoul 130-743）　

　　　　　Kim Ha Won（Department of Life Science,University of Seoul,Seoul 130-743）　

　　　　　Kim Byong Kak（College of Pharmacy,Seoul National University,Seoul 151-742,Korea）　

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華中農業大學學報

JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

2004 Vol.23 No.1