蛹蟲草子囊孢子萌發及其后代群體培養性狀觀察 梁月　 張國珍　 安沫平　 蔡祝南　 摘　要：從野生和人工栽培的蛹蟲草子實體共分離了6個子囊孢子群體,對子囊孢子形態、萌發過程、培養性狀及子實體產生等進行了觀察.結果表明,蛹蟲草子囊孢子為線形、多細胞,169.78～364.57×1.72～2.04 μm;每個子囊孢子有56～114個細胞,每個細胞大小為1.77～4.53×1.72～2.04 μm.子囊孢子彈射后13h開始萌發,30h后開始形成分生孢子.多數子囊孢子的每個細胞都能萌發,但少數子囊孢子的部分細胞不萌發.子囊孢子群體的培養性狀表現多樣性,以Ⅰ型所占比列較大.野生群體的菌落顏色以杏橙色和淡檸檬黃色為主,而人工栽培的群體以橙鉻色所占比例最大.不同個體的菌落生長速率有差異.野生群體產生扇形突變的比例高于人工栽培群體.在人工栽培的CM群體中出現了氣生菌絲較多、白色、生長緩慢的個體.菌落為Ⅰ型,橙鉻色或杏橙色,生長速率正常,無突變的單子囊孢子菌株產生子實體的可能性較大,子實體產量較高,但大部分單子囊孢子菌株不能產生發育良好的子實體. 關鍵詞：孢子形態;菌落顏色;菌落生長速度;扇形突變;子實體產生 分類號：Q939.96　文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1672-6472(2005)04-0525-0532 CORDYCEPS MILITARIS: ASCOSPORE GERMINATION AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGENY POPULATION LIANG Yue　 ZHANG Guo-Zhen　 AN Mo-Ping　 CAI Zhu-Nan　 作者簡介：張國珍,通訊作者 E-mail:zhanggzh@cau.edu.cn 作者單位：梁月（中國農業大學植物病理學系,北京,100094）　 　　　　　張國珍（中國農業大學植物病理學系,北京,100094）　 　　　　　安沫平（河北省農業環境保護監測站,石家莊,050011）　 　　　　　蔡祝南（中國農業大學植物病理學系,北京,100094）　 參考文獻： [1]Chen YQ, Piao RZ, Jin YS, Yang HS, 2002. Study on the artificial good quality and high output cultivation technique of Cordyceps militaris. Edible Fungi of China, 21 (5): 20～22 (in Chinese) [2]Feng ZY, YangY, Li HJ, 1996. Comparison between the biological characters of Cordyceps militaris asexual generation. Acta Edulis Fungi, 3 (4): 15～20 (in Chinese) [3]Gao XH, Wu W, Qian GC, Cui XM, Chen W, 2000. Study on relationship between effect of paring single -ascospore strains of Cordyceps militaris of fruitbody formation and asexual conidiogenous structure. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 16 (supplement):85～92 (in Chinese) [4]Li CB, Tong XD, Bai J, Fan SD, 2004. Artificial stromata production of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Dalian Nationalities University,6 (5): 29～31 (in Chinese) [5]Li MN, Wu X J, Li CY, Feng BS, Li QW, 2003. Molecular analysis of degeneration of artificial planted Cordyceps militaris .Mycosystema, 22 (2): 277～282 (in Chinese) [6]Liang ZQ, 2001. A corroboration of the Anamorph of Cordyceps militaris-Paecilomyces militaris Liang sp. nov. Acta Edulis Fungi,8 (4): 28～32 (in Chinese) [7]Liu ZY, Liang ZQ, Liu AY, 2003. Investigation on microcycle conidiation of ascospores and conidiogenous structures of anomorph of Cordyceps sinensis. Guiz hou Agricultural Sciences, 31 (1): 3～5 (in Chinese) [8]Mao XB, Zhong JJ, 2004. Hyperproduction of cordycepin by two-stage dissolved oxygen control in submerged cultivation of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris in bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog, 20 (5): 1408～1413 [9]Ridgway R, 1912. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Washington, D.C., Published by the author. 1～42+Plate 53 [10]Rukachaisirikul V, Pramjit S, Pakawatchai C, Isaka M, Supothina S, 2004. 10-membered macrolides from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris BCC 2816. JNat Prod, 67 (11): 1953～1955 [11]Won SY, Park EH, 2005. Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96 (3): 555～561 [12]Wang G, Ma B J, Liu JK. 2004. Study on the chemical constituents of artificial cultivated Cordyceps militaris. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 35 (5): 493～495 (in Chinese) [13]Yao GH, Liu XP, Liu GH, Fang MC, Huang WF, 2003. Study on hyphae growth of different Cordyceps militaris strains. Journal of Microbiology, 23 (1): 61～62 (in Chinese) [14]陳艷秋,樸日子,金英善,嚴花淑,2002.蛹蟲草人工優質高產栽培技術研究.中國食用菌,21(5):20～22 [15]馮志勇,楊炎,李惠君,1996.蛹蟲草菌株無性世代的生物學特性比較.食用菌學報,3(4):15～20 [16]高新華,吳畏,錢國琛,崔星明,陳偉,2000.北冬蟲夏草單孢菌株配對后對子實體形成的影響與無性型產孢結構關系.上海農業學報,16(增刊):85～92 [17]李春斌,佟曉冬,白靜,范圣第,2004.蛹蟲草子實體的人工培養研究.大連民族學院學報,6(5):29～31 [18]李美娜,吳謝軍,李春燕,馮伯森,李慶偉,2003.人工栽培蛹蟲草退化現象的分子分析.菌物系統,22(2):277～282 [19]梁宗琦,2001.蛹蟲草無性型一蛹草擬青霉的確證.食用菌學報,8(4):28～32 [20]劉作易,梁宗琦,劉愛英,2003.冬蟲夏草子囊孢子萌發及其無性型觀察.貴州農業科學,31(1):3～5 [21]王剛,麻兵繼,劉吉開,2004.人工蛹蟲草化學成分研究.中藥材,35(5):493～495 [22]姚國洪,劉喜屏,劉廣紅,房邁莼,黃文芳,2003.蛹蟲草菌絲生長研究.微生物學雜志,23(1):61～62 菌物學報 2005年第4期-HTM文件 No.9